For example, suppose you have a voters table with the following details.

Lets say you store the values for a products availability as 1 or 0.

It is beneficial for the SQL Server query optimizer in preparing the optimized execution plan.

But, from the application perspective, the end-user does not require these values.

Customers just need to view whether the product is available or not.

Therefore, in the earlier example, the CASE statements work as shown below.

Once a condition evaluates successfully, it stops the evaluation of remaining conditions.

If none of the conditions are satisfied, we can use an optional ELSE statement to return the default value.

For example, if we have a value different then 0 and 1 in the availability column, you get the output from the ELSE code block.

The standard abbreviations are gender, country codes, marriage status, popular product names, etc.

Now, our application should display the results without any abbreviations.

Once the expression value evaluates and satisfies a condition in the WHEN clause, its corresponding value is returned.

Here, we defined expressions in the WHEN clause for the ListPrice.

It identifies that the product cost is 250 and is marked as an Electronics item.

You can use the CASE statements in conjunction with the ORDER BY clause.

Suppose from the products table, we retrieve the ProductName and ListPrice.

Examples of aggregate functions are MIN, MAX, COUNT, ABG and CHECKSUM.

For example, the DATEPART(YY, Hiredate)2007, filters data for the year 2007.

We can specify the CASE statement in SQL to sort data from the grouped result set.

Using this CASE statement, we divide the products into the following categories.

If you do these fractions in SQL Server, it will give you the divide by zero error as shown below.

To avoid this, we use the fraction logic inside a CASE statement.

The CASE statement works sequentially and stops evaluating with the first successful condition.

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